Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peel

Antioxidant Activity of banana tree tree PeelAccording to several authors, banana clamber recorded stronger antioxidant activity, poo conduct more(prenominal) quantity of phenoplast resin compounds (Someya et al., 2002), greater range of phenolic resins composition and higher in minerals content than banana pulp. banana pulp had been reported as having assorted antioxidants such as vitamins (A, B and E), carotene (Kanazawa Sakakibara, 2000) and phenolic compounds like catechin, epicatechin, lignin, tannic acid (Someya et al., 2002), gallocatechin and anthocyanins like peonidin and malvidine.There several type of antioxidant such as vitamin C, E, A, beta-carotene, lycopene and as well as otherwise substances. Antioxidants are abundant in crops and vegetables, as well as in nuts, grains, and some meats, and fish. Combination of vitamin C with other antioxidants, including vitamin E, b-carotene, and selenium, provides a interactive antihypertensive effect. Experimental evi dences prove that antioxidants grass shelter human personify from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow the oxidative damage to our body and also may protect cells from the damage ca employ by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules or highly reactive chemical that often contains oxygen and is produced during oxidation. Exposure to mingled environmental factors leave lead to free radical formation such as tobacco smoke and radiation. Free radicals can damage burning(prenominal) cellular molecules such as DNA or lipids or other parts of the cell and also may lead to cancer.Banana rifle also demonstrated the presence of various phenolic compounds such as gallocatechin and anthocyanins like peonidin and malvidin. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites, which have been associated with flavour and deform characteristics of fruits and vegetables and are gaining considerable attention because of their potent antioxidant and health promoting properties (Kaur Kapoor, 2001). Extraction of phenolic compounds in name materials is influenced by many factors including the extraction method employed, types of effect polarity use, storage time, presence of interfering substances, sample particle size of it and conditions as well as their chemical nature.Bananas were enriched with minerals like potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Banana scrape could be a good source of carbohydrates and lineament. The high fiber content also indicates that the clambers could help treat constipation and improve ecumenical health and well being (Anhwange, B. A. et al., 2009). born(p) antioxidant are compound from plant or animals sources that retard oxidative rancidity of oil, fats and fat soluble components, thus protect them while delaying the development of unpleasant flavors and odors resulting from oxidation process. Antioxidant are present of course in most raw food sources. Processing of the fruit can remove or trigger the degradation of these antioxidant. Nowadays, the most widely used antioxidant were synthetic antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butylhydroxyanisole (TBHQ), and propyl gallate (PG). Figure 1.1 assign the molecular structure of the available synthetic antioxidant.Problem Statement doubt on the safety of the synthetic arose first in the 1960s and led to an increased affair and broad research on native antioxidant (). congenital antioxidant particularly found in fruit and vegetables have gain interest among consumer and the scientific community because epidemiological studies have indicate that frequent white plague of natural antioxidant is associate with the lower risk of cardiovascular and cancer (Renoud et al.1998). Natural antioxidants are perceived safe, less toxic and beneficial for human health. However, natural antioxidants is very expensive and have been not widely commercialized.In the modern years, there had been an explosive interest in studying antioxidants of some fruits repayable to their health promoting properties. A large number of studies have been demonstrated either on the effect of extraction time and extraction temperature or drying temperature toward antioxidant activity, phenolic content and minerals in banana peel. Antioxidant activity could influence by geographical origin, cultivar and harvest storage time. (C. Guo et al., 2003). These statements show that different origin of banana peel will have different value of antioxidant. This present studies are cerebrate on the banana peel that originally harvest in Malaysia because banana peel from Malaysia origin is rarely being studied before.ObjectiveThe prey of this research project is to establish the optimal condition for obtaining the banana peel extract with high antioxidant activity, phenolic content and minerals by using declaration extraction.Research ScopeFollowi ng tasks will be undertaken as a part of the proposed research-Different drying temperatures of 50C, 55C, 60C, 65C and 70C used to dry the sample. 70% propanone was use as the extracting solvent. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content was psychoanalyst by using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (frap) assay and Folin-Ciocalteus calorimetric (FC) respectively. The sensing of the ingatherings was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer.The sample of 60C drying temperature was extract by using different solvent (methanol, dimethyl ketone and wet) with different dilution ratio (90%, 70%, 50%) in the hot water extraction. The extraction was done at 50C for 1 hour. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content were analyst by using FRAP assay and FC assay respectively. The detection of the product was performed by using UV-visible Spectrophotometer.Time of extraction vary from 1minutes-120 minutes was used to determined the effect of extraction time on antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Banana peel drying at 60C extracted with 70% propanone was used as the sample. Analysis were done by using FRAP and FC assay where the detection was performed by using UV-visible SpectrophotometerDifferent extraction temperatures of 40C, 50C, 55C and 60C were for the hot water extraction. Banana peel drying at 60C extracted with 70% acetone was used as the sample. Duration of the extraction process was 2 hours. psychoanalyst for antioxidant activity and phenolic content were performed.Verification of the Ascorbic acid existence in the banana peel extract was performed using High Performance crystalline Chromatography (HPLC) unit. Banana peel drying at 60C extracted with 70% acetone was use as the sample. The extraction process was done at 55oC for 2 hours.Sodium(Na), Magnesium(Mg) and Calcium(Ca) compositions in banana peel extracted with 70% acetone and undergo 2 hours extraction at 55oC were investigate by using Atomic submersion Spectrophotometer (AAS) unit. Rationale and SignificanceBanana is one of the source of natural antioxidant. Besides, banana is easy to get because it is not a seasonal fruit and it work well in Malaysia. Banana peels are waste from banana fruit and they contain high amount of antioxidant, phenolic content and also mineral. This peel is biodegradable and it will produce environmental problem due to it newton and phosphorus quantity. Therefore extracting the banana peel will be the high hat solution in order to protect human being, gaining some expediency and also creating waste to wealth. Banana peel also can be commercialize because it qualitative and quantitatively contain more antioxidant than it pulp. It also will have does not compete with banana pulp in producing oddment product especially in the food industry.