Stakeholders Involved in Decision Making

Stakeholders Involved in Decision Making Mitchelle Malijan In every policy making process, the elements involved, and the most engaged people are those who are on the higher ranks of the organisational chart, such as the board of directors, managers, and supervisors. The reason for this is because another key factor in the approval of any policies is the monetary fund or budget needed to execute such plan of action. In line with this, the budget is usually handled and managed by those who are in the higher division of any organisation, thus giving them the power and influence over the whole system. However, it is always ideal to involve all the participating individuals, such as the staffs and consumers as well in the making of any policy. This is because the employees are the ones who are in direct connection to the problems that are identified which will be the foundation of the policy making procedure. Overall, the staffs doing most of the jobs are the ones greatly affected by any problems recognised that is why it is really important for these group of people to be part of the decision making process in creating any policies. Workplace Any work place may be run by a variety of leaders with different and diverse management styles. It depends on the type of company that they handle. However, the important thing in making decisions in the work place is the welfare of the staffs and employees. It is because these people are the ones who are in direct involvement to any work related issues in the company, even though the decisions are done by those who are in the higher rank in the office, like the directors, CEO’s and the like. Due to this scenario, an applicable decision making model for this particular area may be the Contingency Theory. Contingency theory states that a leader must have a good relationship with his members. It also expresses that no particular or specific style will be perfect and always suitable for every organisation. These factors; Leader-member relationship, his power and authority over the people, will make up for the favourability of any situation.[1] At the end of the day, the decision to be done by the manager or leader will still depend whether his subordinates or staff will agree on it. Government The government is a group of leaders who are having influence or power over a particular assembly of people or community. This entails the idea that a leader must possess a quality of a good commander who is firm, strong, and determined; but still must be able to communicate and listen well to his people who are under his authority. That is why a decision making model which may be applicable for this area is the Political Bargaining Model. The Political Bargaining Model states that every decision making process that is influenced by certain factors, like what the people or participants bargain, want and need in a particular scenario or environment. This model can be used in the government setting as the government, even though run by leaders, is still created by the people since they are the ones being managed and they are the ones who voted for those leaders to be in their position. So in the end, what matters most is the people’s consensus and decision. To make this simple, the leaders must serve these people who put them to the place where they are now. This is relevant though in a democratic government. Since the leaders in the government have the job and responsibility to maintain and safeguard the welfare of their subordinates, they must be able to do what is best for them, and be flexible as much as possible to attend to their necessities and wants. In this system, collaboration and give and take actions between the members and the leaders are evident. Professional Organisations A professional organisation is defined as any group of individuals who are working in the same line of business or occupation.[2] This organisation, commonly not profit generating, aims to promote, enhance, and develop the existing performance or scope of practice of the profession that it is involved with. It also targets to protect and safe guard the welfare, safety, and interest of its members and stakeholders.[3] Examples of these groups are organisations like the Nursing Council of New Zealand, Chartered Professional Engineers Council, and the like. In making decisions for the professional organisational setting, the organisational process model may be applicable. This is because the policy created by these bodies lies on the existing rules that each profession possesses. In addition to this idea, it is mentioned that a professional organisation, as the definition states, aims to improve and develop the scope of practice of the occupation it covers. Hence, the organisational process model of decision making is a suitable pattern and framework for this area of politics and policy that a health care professional may be immersed with. An example for this can be the case of creating a policy to manage the working hours and shifts of nurses in hospitals and health care facilities. This proposal will rely on the existing fact of the working hours and schedules that a nurse have; say for instance 40 hours per week and shifting from night to day duties. To reduce the risk for health hazards, stress, and fatigue for employees, some changes or adjustments will be recommended for this. Like giving allowance of around 9 hours for those nurses who will be shifting duties from night to day, or vice versa. In this recommendation, nurses will still be working on different shifts, as per required in their profession, and also still get the same working hours required. Community A community is a small or large unit in the society that is composed of group of people who are sharing the same interests, pursuits, and goals in life. Any decisions that are to be done with regard to this circle must be beneficial for the majority and their interest. Decisions must also be done in line with the current trends, situations, and circumstances. So, for this area, a suitable decision making pattern may be the Garbage Can Model. The Garbage Can Model is defined as the opposite of the rational decision making model, thus, leading it to the thought that it may be disorganised and confusing as opposed to the other one. But, if looking deep into its meaning and context, the Garbage can model can be a sensible tool to solve issues in the community because it uses the four elements: people or members, issues, the solutions, and the choices. By studying those four factors, decisions are being formulated in a practical way and less time consuming because the only needed things are taken into consideration. This scenario can be compared in an emergency situation in an emergency department in the hospital. The decisions to be done by the health care professionals such as the doctors and nurses will be solely based on the client’s condition and diagnosis (represents people and issues), the possible interventions that can be done to alleviate the pain or cure the ailment (solutions), and the choices (equipment an d medications available). This way, resources are maximised and only the essential factors are considered. This is the reason why this model is suitable for the community setting since in this area, various issues may arise because of the number of people involved in this association, so a decision maker must be able to focus on one problem at a time, and lay down only the needed solution choices for such to avoid confusion and time wastage. References: Shpak, S. (2014). The Contingency Theory of Decision Making. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/contingency-theory-decision-making-44645.html Reference for Business. (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Per-Pro/Professional-and-Trade-Organizations.html Wikipedia: Professional Organisation. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_association [1] [2] [3]

Patton :: essays research papers

LEADERSHIP STUDIES ON GENERAL GEORGE SMITH PATTON JR â€Å"We shall attack and attack until we’re exhausted†¦.. and then we shall attack again†- General George Smith Patton Jr Introduction 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two great wars in the past century was featured by a number of military leaders revered for their qualities and contributions. If we ever make an attempt to rank these leaders, the name of General George Smith Patton Junior would surely find its way within the top few. Military historians of contemporary times consider General Patton a leader who can be studied for drawing important lessons on leadership attributes. His contributions in both the World Wars place him in an undisputed position of honour. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Patton was a soldier in its truest sense. Born in a military family, he had a conducive environment to culture soldiering. He followed his father and grandfather in the same military institution for acquiring lessons on the military profession. Patton was a lover of military history. He had such an affinity towards the warfare of the past that he believed in his reincarnation throughout the ages as great military leaders. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although an average student in the military academy, General Patton was a champion cavalryman, a gallant swordsman, a precise shooter, a renowned athlete, a sword designer, a God-believer, a famed poet and a loving father and husband. He always maintained an immaculate attire and enforced the same in his subordinates. Patton always respected his rivals both from his friends and foes. All these attributes made him an aggressive leader with a deep affection for the men he led. The other side of Patton portrays him as a short-tempered, too outspoken and often ruthless executor with disregard to details. Profanity in expression was a darker side of Patton but it also made him extremely popular specially when he used it in describing the enemy. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patton had a clear vision of leadership. His maxims matching with the actions in the battlefield proved him as a master of leadership art.

Differentiation: What is it? Essay -- essays papers

Differentiation: What is it? Today in education different abilities are being acknowledged on a regular basis. So a common description being used for the â€Å"perfect† classroom which accounts for the variety of instruction and activities is a differentiated classroom. This phrase is thrown around and many teachers may not understand how a differentiated classroom works. â€Å"In a differentiated classroom, the teacher assumes that learners have differing needs. Therefore the teacher proactively plans a variety of ways to ‘get at’ and express learning† (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 3). Planning for a variety of teaching strategies does not mean giving more work to the smart children. Instead the teacher must assess who understands the material, who is struggling, who needs to be challenged and decide what or how to teach the students from there (Tomlinson, 2001). Differentiation should occur naturally and involve individual, class and group work to allow for the differences in all students and all subjects of study (Tomlinson, 2001). Probably the most important aspect of differentiation is the idea of challenging all learners at their level instead of giving extra work to those students whom learn the concepts quickly. Differentiation in Classrooms A struggle for many teachers could be the idea of implementing differentiation in their classrooms. Making twenty-four lesson plans for the twenty-four children in a class is not practical or appropriate. Children should all be learning the same basic ideas in differentiated lessons but how much as well as how a child learns is what will vary (Tomlinson, 2001). Tomlinson describes three major ways in which the content that children are learning can be differentiated: readiness, inte... ...cle describes how teachers normal integrate differentiation into a classroom. Smith, M. K., (2002). Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education. Retrieved February 10, 2005, from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm. This article describes Howard Gardner’s developed his ideas about multiple intelligences. Theroux, P., (2004, June 20). Differentiated instruction. Retrieved April 20, 2005, from http://members.shaw.ca/priscillatheroux/differentiating.html. This article is written by a teacher and describes ways in which differentiated instruction can be implemented. Academically Gifted (2005). Retrieved April 27, 2005 from EBSCO/ERIC The website provided definitions for words from a thersaurus. Special Needs Students. (2005). Retrieved April 27, 2005 from EBSCO/ERIC The website provided definitions for words from a thesaurus.

Napoleon’s success in Europe to 1807 Essay

To what extent was Napoleon’s success in Europe to 1807 the consequences of his own military ability? Napoleon’s success in Europe to 1807 could not have been the consequences of a single factor, his own military ability, but rather a combination of linking, interdependent factors, some of which playing a greater role than others, but all helping Napoleon along the road to success. It is undeniable that if fate had given Napoleon an entirely different set of circumstances (if he had not been able to rise through the ranks as easily, if France had not the massive population it did e.t.c) then, no matter how intelligent or able he was, he would not have enjoyed the kind of success he did. Correlli Barnett, in his book Bonaparte, is very critical of Napoleon and his tactics, claiming that it was largely the incompetence and weaknesses of his enemies that enabled him to achieve success. For example, on the Battle of Ulm (October 1805), Barnett talks about what might have happened if Austria had a â€Å"general more active than Mack†, who broke out with a single Austrian corps right across Bonaparte’s communications. The Austrian army had an impressive artillery which could have posed a threat to Napoleon if combined with Russia, but there was no universal language, and with it’s varied ethnic and racial populations this was a huge problem – it slowed communication and often left many in a state of confusion. This also meant that there was no real national identity allowing the kind of patriotism that the French could use to fight with. The Russian army also had huge problems, one of the main ones being the fact that the soldiers did not want to be fighting a war at all. Surrounding the conscript army was a negative, fatalistic view of army life – a darkly amusing fact is that soldiers could often go to their own funeral before they were conscripted away to battle. Apart from the fact that they were treated like criminals, Russian soldiers were also poorly trained, severely lacking in tactical awareness and education. Prussia on the other hand, with its fine tradition, had a very strong army. However, the Prussian skirmishes were poor and the army missed a sense of individuality (instinct or initiative) and instead acted after strategic planning alone. Furthermore, the Prussian artillery could not come close to the French standards, being completely out gunned on some occasions, even when the French had far less numbers. The British army, before 1807, was not much of a force to be reckoned with – it was fairly tiny and was not as strong or quick as the French army. Even though the weaknesses of Napoleon’s enemies were rather considerable before 1807, he would not have been able to profit from these weaknesses if it were not for his military genius and the strength of his army. When he came to power, Napoleon inherited a huge and incredibly strong army to do with whatever he pleased. The French army fought for a cause. They were not as mercenaries, not as men impressed against their will, but as citizens honorably defending their revolution against its threatened destruction by outside forces. People were full of this revolutionary ardour and actively sought battle. This was a wholly new perspective of war and the causes it was fought for. Generally, Napoleon’s enemies fought Wars of maneuvers and not, unlike Napoleon’s army, with the intention of completely annihilating the enemy. They relied on aggressive shock tactics and the momentum of the bayonet charge to bring them success. The French fought with more purpose and feeling than any other nation because they had a war with a strong purpose – a terrorist war. Also, Napoleon’s army was blessed with a variety of talented commanders and officers. The great military theorist, the prussian, Von Clausewitz wrote ‘on war’ in 1832. In this he put forward his view that 1793 marked a turning point in the organization of armies and the conduct of war. He considered that both were changed forever by the creation of the year of the ‘French nation in arms’ (the levee en masse) that transformed limited war into total war. This refers to when the previous man in change of the army, Carnot, introduced a forced conscription to all able civilians. As well as conscription,1793 brought with it the first amalgame – the merging of remnants of the old army with the new. The introduction of veteran soldiers into the new army did much to bring order into its early chaotic organization without destroying its verve, and formed the fighting force which Napoleon used as the basis of his grande armee. The amalgame also brought a great deal of military experience to his army Furthermore, the sheer size of Napoleons inherited army was the largest ever seen in Europe, a million men, and provided him with the ammunition, if you like, to launch devastating attacks on his enemies. He therefore inherited significant developments which had been introduced by the Republic, and which he subsequently built upon. The strength of his army, however, would not have been anywhere near as impressive if he had not the domestic foundations for success or strength of mind to know what to do with it. France had a huge population of around 28 million (the largest population in any single state in Europe) and so simply had a greater number of men to choose from. This also enabled Carnot to introduce the levee en masse which enlisted a massive 80,000 men each year into the army, fueling France’s battles, which could be fought more often, more continuously and on more fronts than any other country. Although the large majority were from poor peasant families, universal conscription brought me from all classes together and created a new sense of unity in France. Also, France had a whole society organized for war. Napoleon had a military dictatorship so could use all the resources of the state and was not held accountable for his failures (e.g leaving armies in Egypt and Russia and losing 50,000 men a year as opposed to Wellington’s 6,000). This greater amount of authority meant that Napoleon could make all of his appointments personally, and not by advisors. e also created a meritocracy within the army, a kind of ‘privileged military caste’. This said that if you do well in the French army, you get rewards or offices of state (giving officers incentives to succeed). Furthermore, Napoleon controlled all press and channels of communication so could have a careful watch over his country and could make sure that all efforts were in favour of driving on the savage French war machine. Although the sheer size of the army enabled Napoleon to create his grande armee and the resources of France could be used to help the war effort, Napoleon’s ability and qualities as a general were absolutely vital in securing his success to 1807. Napoleon was widely known as being able to inspire loyalty. He gave the appearance of knowing everybody in his army and always knowing what was going on. He played on the ideas of military glory, of patriotism and comradeship, while giving at the same time the impression that he had a deep paternal concern for his men. For example, he would single people out and congratulate them by name, very personally. He used theatrical and emotive language in his bulletins and orders of the day to forge bonds between him and his soldiers. For example, in a Bulletin in 1805 he wrote that â€Å"The Emperor is among you†. Despite his generally unprepossessing appearance, when he wished to charm he could quickly win over anyone he met, however initially hostile he might be. This sort of confidence was also shown on the battlefield where Wellington observed that the effect of his presence was worth an additional force of 40,000 men to the French army. He was very charismatic and could play on the soldiers greed by promising loot, a material reward for their toils. He could also rally himself with them, â€Å"Whatever the obstacles we meet, we shall overcome them†. All these factors earned Napoleon the adoration of his soldiers. Whatever point of view one takes, it is a fact that Napoleon possessed a very gifted military mind. Napoleon’s prime tactic was to avoid a slugging match and focusing his strengths on the enemies weaknesses. He picked weakest spots and then blasted huge chunks out of them with his artillery. He had flexibility with his corps (taken from the ideas of Guibert), and would use them to come from unexpected directions and attack weak points. He was known for his pragmatism and opportunism, but there is a great debate over whether Napoleon was a great strategic planner or whether he was a scrambler, good at scrambling and improvising his way to victory. Gunther Rothenburg praises his qualities, but believed he was a ‘Planner’ instead of a scrambler, giving the example of his maneuver on Ulm which he describes as ‘well co-ordinated and swift’. However, historians such as Owen Connolly are critical of the traditional interpretation of Napoleon and says that he was a great improviser with no tactical doctrine who would simply profit from his enemy’s mistakes. Even though both of these historians, and many like them, disagree on this aspect of him, they both say that Napoleon was probably the greatest commander of all time. This shows that, even though he may have been gifted with extraordinary circumstances, Napoleon’s towering genius was the major driving force in his success and it is obvious that no ordinary commander could have gone as far as he did. After looking at various factors in Napoleon’s success in Europe to 1807, it is evident that the scale of Napoleons success was dependent on a number of things; population size, Carnot’s policy of conscription, French resources and the relative weakness of his enemies. Napoleon’s journey to success was paved by a number of these absolutely crucial factors, without which no success would have been possible. Even though his military ability was one of these vital paving stones, one cannot really argue that it was more or less important than other crucial factors because they were all instrumental in allowing the extent of extent of Napoleon’s success to be realized. However, I am positive that if Napoleon did have a less fortunate army given to him when he came to power, his enemies stronger, and the potential opportunity for success had not been so great, he would still have made the best out of what he had and would have made relative success, showing his huge military capabilities.

Sir Lancelot Analysis

Sir Lancelot is the greatest knight at the Round Table. Lancelot is Arthur’s best friend and yet is completely different in that he performs heroic acts by accident. Lancelot is too humble to allow all his heroic acts to improve his self-image. A hero is someone who engages in a heroic act risking or losing his or her life to save someone else’s. Sir Lancelot is a hero. Lancelot is brave. Lancelot could be called brave because he wasn’t afraid to kill people. If a situation needed immediate action Lancelot was there to battle another knight.Lancelot chose to go on adventures putting aside the dangers he might face. He fought willingly for people, and stood up for himself when he met the witches and battled other knights. Lancelot is loyal. Being loyal means showing support to someone. Lancelot stayed loyal to the one girl he loved even though she was already married. A girl asked Lancelot to fight for her dad and she would free him, and he courageously fought for her dad and didn’t try to get away.Lancelot was loyal to King Arthur by fighting along side him and joining him at the Round Table. Sir Lancelot is a hero. He is considered to be one of the greatest and most trusted of King Arthur’s knights and he played a huge part in King Arthur’s victories. Lancelot is a hero because he battles with honor and strategy, he understands how to win. Lancelot was heroic because he never failed in gentleness, courage, or courtesy. No matter who he was he still served others.

Neoliberal Globalization Essay

In the article â€Å"Neoliberal Globalization† by Dan Clawson, the author contended that the advocates of neoliberalism tried to integrate this into globalization. He said that they are continuously attempting to make policies favorable to companies’ profits. Unfortunately, these do not make corresponding benefits and compensations to its workers that trigger labor crisis in the United States. Clawson further argued that neoliberalism should not be misunderstood as an inevitable phenomenon to accompanied globalization. Take for example the internet. Since the internet is a â€Å"powerful force† that connects people in one region to the world, it is also considered as the best contributor in globalization. In order to take that advantage, companies today tried to adapt a neoliberal perspective on the use of the internet to make more profit for themselves. Even so, the internet is for everyone in the world – whether a person has wealth and power or not. In addition to this, the concept of globalization of the internet is very different from the perspective of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on globalization. Their belief is to generate most profits for business, much to their interest. The neoliberals believe that the their version of globalization has generated many profits and has made individuals wealthy. Yes, businesses nowadays are indeed making more profit than before because of neoliberal strategies. However, the wealth has been distributed unequally; in other words, wealth has been concentrated in certain business people. Clawson demonstrates this wrong argument of neoliberals by providing two different economy periods namely, the welfare state and the neoliberal state. Clawson’s argument questioned why the average family income during the welfare state period was doubled compared to the slow increase during the neoliberalism period, given that the neoliberal oriented economy brought prosperity to the state. There was a noticable increase in income during the later period, but these increases were made by women workers and mostly distributed to the top people in the business. The Neoliberal version of globalization has then resulted in the continuous gap widening between the average workers and the top executives. With this, how does neoliberal globalization damage our economy? The damages are serious and concentrated in the working class population. The more international trade grows, the higher income inequality becomes. This causes more people to lose their jobs because of the companies’ decision to relocate to other countries to cut costs. Many of them relocate their manufacturing jobs to China and the service sector jobs to India. This is the main reason why most of the products we avail are from China, and the servicing jobs are in India. All of these are causes of the companies’ downsizing and the increased unemployment. Clawson proposed some solutions to the neoliberal form of globalization. He said that if the workers formed a union, the capital would be controlled, and there would be a decrease in the relocation. I agree with this thinking of Clawson. Abolishing the boundless rights corporations have in relocation is an effective way to maintain the workers’ rights. Unfortunately, the process was more complicated than what Clawson suggested. Another alternative was the regulation of labor conditions through organizations, such as the United Nations or the WTO. Clawson proposed that WTO should focus more on the workers’ rights and environment, and not only the company profits. WTO was established to protect organizational profits. If the right to regulate labor condition is granted to the WTO, there is a possibility that the WTO operate favorably to generate corporations’ profits. Clawson’s neoliberal version of globalization brought labor’s crisis in the United States. He demonstrated these by providing many case examples. However, his proposals did not address possible obstacles, which may follow as a result of those solutions or in the process of formulating those solutions.

Math

The percentage of male homemakers continues to increase, but women will continue to make the majority of purchasing sections. 2. Identify behaviorist's trends that are occurring in the united States related to spending patterns of (a) children, (b) baby boomers, and (c) Hispanic teens. Spending by and for children will increase. As more responsibility is placed on younger children because of latch-key lifestyles they are learning savvy shopping skills along with gaining confidence In their role as shoppers.Baby boomers vary markedly in their attitudes & values thus cannot be looked at as a single market segment. Baby boomers tend to spend lavishly on their children. Hispanics will compose 29% of the U. S. Population by 2050, compared with 14% in 2005. 3. Describe lifestyle changes that are occurring in the consumer market. Lifestyle changes that are occurring In the consumer market are things such as Travel consultants, fitness focused products & retirement housing. 4. Describe the d ifferences between rational and emotional buying motives.The difference between rational & emotional buying motives is that rational buying motive concerned with basic human needs such as food, clothing & shelter where as emotional buying motives involves customer's feelings rather than logic. 5. How do customers select one store over another when aging a purchase? Customers select one store over another when making a purchase because of convenience, services offered & assortment of merchandise. 6. List types of data maintained by retailers In data warehouses.Types of data maintained by retailers in data warehouses are sales, margin, inventory & other key merchandising performance measures. 7. Describe how retailers use data mining. Retailers use data mining to search through warehoused data to find trends & patterns that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. 8. Describe how associations are used with data mining to learn more about customers. Associations are used with ATA milling t o learn more about customers because the system links occurrences to a single event. 9. How is data mining used for affinity analysis?Data mining is used for affinity analysis because data warehouse can identify products & merchandise classifications most commonly purchased together. This result can be better in store product & improved promotional display effectiveness. 10. I-1st some of the challenges facing retailers when using database marketing. Some retailers lack a strategy for coordinating database marketing with other traditional approaches. Some consumers feel that using information on their shopping habits institutes an invasion of privacy. 11.List the basic goals of using database marketing. Some basic goals of data base marketing is Targeting promotional offerings to specific customers. Gaining a better understanding of customers. Strengthening the store customer relationship. Week 3 – Chapter 6-understanding Product Trends 1 . Why should buyers constantly monito r their merchandise mix? Buyers should constantly monitor their merchandise mix because an appropriate mix today might not contain the right products tomorrow. 2. Explain how products that buyers purchase influence personnel decisions for a store.Products that buyers purchase influence personnel decisions for a store because stores that wish to develop a fashion image must be known for offering new & unique products in the marketplace. Knowledgeable personnel are necessary when stores have products such as designer gowns cameras or computers. 3. What have J Penny and Smart done to establish a fashion image? Smart developed private brands such as Jackal smith to create a more fashionable image for the store where as J Penny has added many national brand names. 4. List five examples of convenience products.Batteries Candy Toothpaste Fast food gasoline 5. Describe how department stores can sell kitchen gadgets as impulse items. Department stores can sell kitchen gadgets as impulse item s because retailers have seen sales skyrocket of some items simply by the placement of the products in the store. Seeing a product demonstrated in a department store stimulates impulse purchasing of many products. 6. Give two examples of specialty products. Particular brand of perfume Newest Barbie doll for their collection. 7. When do customers tend to stretch the life of durable products?Customers tend to stretch the life of durable products in economic times. 8. What is the difference teen a style and a fashion? Product. Fashion is the prevailing style that is accepted & used by a particular group of people at a particular time in a particular place. 9. Explain why buyers cannot determine fashion. Buyers cannot determine fashion because you must realize that your customers determine fashion. That is why you have to build your forecasting skills. Customers make that decision when they purchase. 10. Why do many buyers welcome the addition of fashion items into their inventory?Buyer s welcome the addition of fashion items into their inventory because it is a competitive advantage, new fashion rates ripple effects women will probably purchase new slips shoes & hosiery as you make new product purchases you must determine the impact on other products that your store is selling. 11. Provide examples of how fashions have changed because of technology. Technology itself spreads the word on the new fashion & trends TV and the internet have greatly increased the speed of new fashion awareness. Many fashion trends started with a movie or what was worn by the first lady or what was seen in movies. 2. Describe how new fashions may create a â€Å"ripple effect† with the sale of other products. New fashions may create a ripple effect with he sale of other products because when the length if skirts changes women will probably purchase new slips, shoes & hosiery as you make new product purchases you must determine the impact on other products that your store is selling . 13. Provide examples of how movies have influenced â€Å"new' products on the market In 1932 Letter Linton broad shouldered power suits designed for Joan Crossword's character.In 1955 Rebel without a cause James dean t- shirt and red Jacket. 14. What problems do fads present for buyers? The problems that fads present for buyers are obtaining enough supply while the fad s strong & then there is the problem of disposing of the leftover stock when the fad quickly dies. 15. How can buyers distinguish between a fad and a trend? Buyers can distinguish between a fad & a trend because fads tend to be inflexible there is few ways to alter the product, trends however tend to be more flexible with many ways of expression. 6. List the four stages of the product life cycle. Introduction Growth Maturity Decline 17. Describe differences in pricing strategy between the introduction and decline stages of the product life cycle. Introduction stage – products are characterized by low sales & losses as well as high risk. Decline stage – buyers will not be purchasing products in this stage during this stage the target market shrinks & price cutting minimizes profit margin. 18. Describe the downward flow theory of fashion adoption.Theory maintains that fashion innovators are those people at the top of the social pyramid such as royalty world leaders and the wealthy. 19. How can knowledge of the product life cycle help buyers decide which products to eliminate from their merchandise mix? Knowledge of the product life cycle will help buyers decide which products to eliminate from their merchandise mix because it allows you to determine rand's to their merchandise mix? Buyers add private brands to their merchandise mix because they belong to the store exclusively. 1 . Why is the timing of markdowns on licensed products crucial for buyers? The timing of markdowns on licensed products is crucial for buyers because â€Å"Disney items may be strong sellers for years but other products typically have sales that peak & then fall precipitously. 22. What is the primary reason for the move to mass customization? The primary reason for the move to mass customization is many retailers are discarding the one size fits all philosophy that has guided them for decades. MAth Course Project Milestone 2 Interview Guide and Questions Form This is a form to record your information for this assignment. Review the Course Project Milestone 2: Interviewee Guide and Questions guidelines and grading rubric in Doc Sharing (Assignments) prior to completing this form. Review the document in Doc Sharing entitled, INNER Question Tips. Refer to Appendix A in your text and select five categories upon which you will concentrate for your interview guide and questions. Type your answers to the following questions using complete sentences and correct grammar, spelling, and syntax.Note that the form is expandable. Indeed, you may need more pages to include the information that is requested in the guidelines for this assignment. Once you have filled in the form, click Save as and save the file with your last name and assignment, for example, â€Å"INNER _Milestones_Form_Smith†. Submit to the Milestone 2 basket in the Dropped by 11:59 p. M. MET Sunday at the end of Week 4. Title: Milestone 2 Your Name: Samaritan Manson 1 . Note the proposed date of the interview. Describe the location of the interview and how privacy will be maintained.Be specific. (20 points) The interview will be conducted Saturday August 9, 2014. The interview will take place in the conference room on the fourth floor at Holy Cross Hospital. Privacy is maintained in the conference room by a lock door, it is available for private meetings on the weekends, and by it closed off/segregated location on the fourth floor. 2. Describe the method you have chosen for your process recording and your plans for making it. For example, if you choose to submit a video file, how will you record and produce this?How will you upload it and send it to your instructor? (14 points) The method I have chosen for the process recording will be written. There will be a series of questions or the interviewee to answer and the written responses will be sent to the instructor. Possibly some photographs of t he person getting interviewed will be added to the written process. 3. Identify five categories from Appendix A in your text from which you would like to develop primary (and follow-up) questions for your interview. The categories from which you may choose are listed below.Baccalaureate Variations and Cultural Aspects of the Incidence of Disease Communication Cultural Affiliations Cultural Sanctions & Restrictions Developmental Considerations Economics Educational Background Health-Related beliefs and Practices Kinship and Social Networks Nutrition Religion and Spirituality Values Orientation Type the names of the five categories you have chosen in the table below in the column marked â€Å"Categories. † 4. Develop one primary question for each of the five categories. Please note that the questions should be in your own words and designed to elicit meaningful responses, for example, open-ended or focused format.Use the table to type each question next to its corresponding cat egory. (60 points) 5. Develop two follow-up questions for each primary question. Type these next to the corresponding primary questions. (40 points) 6. Indicate reasons for asking specific questions that relate to culture of origin and healthcare experiences. (50 points) Categories Primary Question Related to Category Follow-up Questions for each primary question Reasons for asking questions that are related to culture of origin Category 1 : Help me better understand your culture by explaining the different health care restrictions? . What would you want us to know about your spiritual needs and resources? Cultural sanctions and restrictions can affect a patient, family, and care team in the course of a hospitalizing. These restrictions can prevent a patient from going to urge, getting a blood transfusion, or even prevent a patient from taking a certain medication. . 2. Please tell me more about the type of cultural sanctions you are involved in and how we can incorporate that into your care? Category 2: What age do educators start focusing on teaching health? . If diagnosed with a problem what forms of teaching are available? Health education builds knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes about health. Health education teaches about physical, mental, emotional and social health. It motivates people to improve and maintain their health, prevent disease, and reduce risky behaviors. Knowing a person's resources allows educators to provide specific material or extra depending on what is available. 2. Please describe more fully to me what learning resources are available?Category 3: Help me better understand what types of social networks are available and what types of social life/hobbies you have? 1 . What type of advertisement do medical facilities use to educate patients? Social media has become a part of health care by innovative startups, patient communities and medical centers. There has been a revolution in health care: tools from vertical search and soci al networks to health content aggressors and wellness tools. Patients have been active on social media to find health information, find support through discussion groups and forums, and chronicle their illness Journeys.They are also interested in using social media to facilitate communication between themselves and their providers. Hospitals are moving from experimentation to strategic use of social media to enhance brand loyalty and recruit new patients. Medical centers use social media as a teaching tool and to promote primary care. 2. What is the main form of communication between patients and physicians. Category 4: What are the major food groups consumed in your everyday diet? . Help me understand the food restrictions in your culture?Health care professionals must learn to respect and appreciate the variety of cultural traditions related to food and the wide variation of food practices within different cultures. Nutrition plays a big role in primary care. Health professionals need to respect but also need to educate patients with certain problems on how to modify their diets. 2. It might be helpful for me to know what we can and cannot modify in your diet? Category 5: Health Related Beliefs Help me better understand your view on health and what types of care you received in the past? 1 .What types of treatment do you seek; alternative medicine or western medicine? Health care beliefs can stem from religion or different traditions which tend to be complex and it is impossible to predict how any one patient or family member may understand or apply them in the context of health care. Therefore, providers should encourage patients and family members to interpret how religious/cultural values may be pertinent to a hospital stay regarding personal needs, interaction with staff, and decisions about treatment 2. What are the specific concerns you would like health care workers to avoid while you are in the hospital. MAth Course Project Milestone 2 Interview Guide and Questions Form This is a form to record your information for this assignment. Review the Course Project Milestone 2: Interviewee Guide and Questions guidelines and grading rubric in Doc Sharing (Assignments) prior to completing this form. Review the document in Doc Sharing entitled, INNER Question Tips. Refer to Appendix A in your text and select five categories upon which you will concentrate for your interview guide and questions. Type your answers to the following questions using complete sentences and correct grammar, spelling, and syntax.Note that the form is expandable. Indeed, you may need more pages to include the information that is requested in the guidelines for this assignment. Once you have filled in the form, click Save as and save the file with your last name and assignment, for example, â€Å"INNER _Milestones_Form_Smith†. Submit to the Milestone 2 basket in the Dropped by 11:59 p. M. MET Sunday at the end of Week 4. Title: Milestone 2 Your Name: Samaritan Manson 1 . Note the proposed date of the interview. Describe the location of the interview and how privacy will be maintained.Be specific. (20 points) The interview will be conducted Saturday August 9, 2014. The interview will take place in the conference room on the fourth floor at Holy Cross Hospital. Privacy is maintained in the conference room by a lock door, it is available for private meetings on the weekends, and by it closed off/segregated location on the fourth floor. 2. Describe the method you have chosen for your process recording and your plans for making it. For example, if you choose to submit a video file, how will you record and produce this?How will you upload it and send it to your instructor? (14 points) The method I have chosen for the process recording will be written. There will be a series of questions or the interviewee to answer and the written responses will be sent to the instructor. Possibly some photographs of t he person getting interviewed will be added to the written process. 3. Identify five categories from Appendix A in your text from which you would like to develop primary (and follow-up) questions for your interview. The categories from which you may choose are listed below.Baccalaureate Variations and Cultural Aspects of the Incidence of Disease Communication Cultural Affiliations Cultural Sanctions & Restrictions Developmental Considerations Economics Educational Background Health-Related beliefs and Practices Kinship and Social Networks Nutrition Religion and Spirituality Values Orientation Type the names of the five categories you have chosen in the table below in the column marked â€Å"Categories. † 4. Develop one primary question for each of the five categories. Please note that the questions should be in your own words and designed to elicit meaningful responses, for example, open-ended or focused format.Use the table to type each question next to its corresponding cat egory. (60 points) 5. Develop two follow-up questions for each primary question. Type these next to the corresponding primary questions. (40 points) 6. Indicate reasons for asking specific questions that relate to culture of origin and healthcare experiences. (50 points) Categories Primary Question Related to Category Follow-up Questions for each primary question Reasons for asking questions that are related to culture of origin Category 1 : Help me better understand your culture by explaining the different health care restrictions? . What would you want us to know about your spiritual needs and resources? Cultural sanctions and restrictions can affect a patient, family, and care team in the course of a hospitalizing. These restrictions can prevent a patient from going to urge, getting a blood transfusion, or even prevent a patient from taking a certain medication. . 2. Please tell me more about the type of cultural sanctions you are involved in and how we can incorporate that into your care? Category 2: What age do educators start focusing on teaching health? . If diagnosed with a problem what forms of teaching are available? Health education builds knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes about health. Health education teaches about physical, mental, emotional and social health. It motivates people to improve and maintain their health, prevent disease, and reduce risky behaviors. Knowing a person's resources allows educators to provide specific material or extra depending on what is available. 2. Please describe more fully to me what learning resources are available?Category 3: Help me better understand what types of social networks are available and what types of social life/hobbies you have? 1 . What type of advertisement do medical facilities use to educate patients? Social media has become a part of health care by innovative startups, patient communities and medical centers. There has been a revolution in health care: tools from vertical search and soci al networks to health content aggressors and wellness tools. Patients have been active on social media to find health information, find support through discussion groups and forums, and chronicle their illness Journeys.They are also interested in using social media to facilitate communication between themselves and their providers. Hospitals are moving from experimentation to strategic use of social media to enhance brand loyalty and recruit new patients. Medical centers use social media as a teaching tool and to promote primary care. 2. What is the main form of communication between patients and physicians. Category 4: What are the major food groups consumed in your everyday diet? . Help me understand the food restrictions in your culture?Health care professionals must learn to respect and appreciate the variety of cultural traditions related to food and the wide variation of food practices within different cultures. Nutrition plays a big role in primary care. Health professionals need to respect but also need to educate patients with certain problems on how to modify their diets. 2. It might be helpful for me to know what we can and cannot modify in your diet? Category 5: Health Related Beliefs Help me better understand your view on health and what types of care you received in the past? 1 .What types of treatment do you seek; alternative medicine or western medicine? Health care beliefs can stem from religion or different traditions which tend to be complex and it is impossible to predict how any one patient or family member may understand or apply them in the context of health care. Therefore, providers should encourage patients and family members to interpret how religious/cultural values may be pertinent to a hospital stay regarding personal needs, interaction with staff, and decisions about treatment 2. What are the specific concerns you would like health care workers to avoid while you are in the hospital.