The Speckled band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled band EssayThe horrific occurrences that Conan Doyle puts across in his stories are not dampened in any way and this makes the taradiddle seem more believable. He goes to great lengths to describe everything so that a full picture stern be constructed without leaving anything to the imagination. This ensures that the reader sees the story in exactly the way Conan Doyle wants them to see it. It also emphasises the feeling of trust for the narrator since hes sharing so many details. In The Adventure of the Engineers Thumb an example of this detail shows in the paragraph spoken by the engineer Oh no not now.I shall pee to tell my tale to the police but, between ourselves, if it were not for the convincing evidence of this wound of mine, I should be surprised if they believed my statement, for it is a very extraordinary one, and I have not much in the way of make with which to back it up. And, even if they believe me, the clues which I can give them are so vague th at it is a question whether justice will be done. In order to increase the image piddled by Conan Doyle, conversation is short, sharp and factual to make sure that only facts are expressed to the reader so that they can make up their own mind about what is happening.Conan Doyle doesnt force his opinions on them and this makes it more realistic. An example of this type of conversation is exchanged between Holmes and the Engineer superstar horse? interjected Holmes. Yes, only one. Did you observe the colour? Yes, I saw it by the sidelights when I was stepping into the carriage. It was chestnut. Tired-looking or fresh? Oh, fresh and glossy. Thank-you. I am sorry to have interrupted you. Pray continue your most interesting statement. The engineer seems to be telling everything he knows and this makes him much more believable.The very detailed description of the events has another(prenominal) effect. It very gradually builds up the suspense and the reader is allowed to wonder w hat the mystery could be and what could be so unusual. The engineers statement is greatly lengthened to ensure that this happens effectively. The catch of this story is increased by the odd dividing lines between the characters. To one side of the engineer, there is a very respectable professional man, Dr. Watson, who is in stark contrast to the quirky and abnormal private detective Sherlock Holmes and they are both in stark contrast to the engineer, a man of manual occupation.The quirkiness, that is so unique(p) to Holmes character, adds a further level of realism to the story because it enables twists to the plot that ensure the story is not tiresome. The name Colonel Lysander Stark gives a sense of intrigue. The reader is at once put on edge about his behaviour, reminded of a stereotypical Colonel, who is a cruel harsh person with militaristic cruelty. He is portrayed as a model villain. He has a German accent, which was a very common nationality for stereotypical villains of stories of the time.From the beginning, he is described as thin, mysterious and inhuman. These qualities can be seen from Conan Doyles description of Stark he is man rather oer the middle size but of an exceeding thinness. I do not think that I have ever seen so thin a man. His whole face sharpened away into nose and chin, and the skin of his cheeks was drawn quite tense over his outstanding bones. Yet this emaciation seemed to be his natural habit, and due to no disease, for his eye was bright, his step brisk, and his bearing assured. Using little but important description, he is able to build up a powerful image that has the ability to shock the reader. It is instantly believable and this serves the purpose of calming the reader into a faithlessly sense of security. When the whole truth is finally revealed it is more stunning and much more successful in entertaining the reader. The language of the time seemed to be as formal and as accurate English as it could be and much less sl ang was used. Holmes and Watson speak very typically posh English.Using a language like this gives the stories the atmosphere of that time. Conan Doyle established a tradition of detective fiction and as a result Sherlock Holmes became one of the most notable and popular detectives. When Conan Doyle killed off Sherlock Holmes, the public was devastated to read about the death of the detective. Men in London wore black armbands as a mark of protest. It got so bad that Conan Doyle even received death threats and as a result he re-introduced Sherlock Holmes. This just shows how popular, realistic and believable the Sherlock Holmes stories really are.The agent why Sherlock Holmes stories are popular is because of their fascinating and realistic characters and settings. The stories are very descriptive and it gives you a clear picture of what is happening in them. The settings create an entrancing and mysterious atmosphere from a fascinating period in time for the reader to be drawn in to. Show preview only The to a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

The Rise and Fall of bin Laden, or a Dissent into Cyber-terrorism Essay Example for Free

The Rise and Fall of bin Laden, or a Dissent into Cyber-terrorism EssayOsama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden, best known as Osama bin Laden in the west, is a militant Islamist and the reported founder of the terrorist organization known as al-Qaeda. He stepped on to the global arena in 2001 with his broadcasts on Al Jazeera in direct relation to the September 11th attacks. Since then his faction has had a downfall through the western war on terror, but it is widely believed that this is hardly a ploy, and that al-Qaeda, along with many other radical Muslim groups are planning to continue their reign of terror on the net. The media has deemed the term for this cyberterrorism, and it is the current threat Osama is expected to pose, but some argue that this is merely western propaganda. Bin Laden has been described as a exalted and thin man by the FBI. He is said to be between 64 and 66 (193-198cm) in height and weighing nigh 165 pounds. Left-handed with an olive complexion, he u sually walks with a cane, and wears a white turban. He is considered to have a mild mannered temperament and to be very soft spoken. He is thought to only be able to speak Arabic.Never the less, he is believed to be the leader and founder of one of the nigh heinously acting terrorist groups, known as Al Qaeda Osama was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Al Jazeera referenced his birthday as being sue 10, 1957. Osama is a member of the prestigious bin Laden family. His father Muhammed Awd bin Laden had known ties to the Saudi royal family, as well as a prominent bloodline. His father, poor and uneducated before World War I, he immigrated from Hadhramaut to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was here, where he began to work as a porter.In 1930, Muhammed started his own business he built his fortune as a building contractor for the Saudi royal family during the 1950s. It is estimated that Muhammed bin Laden has as many as 55 sons, of which Osama is assumed to be his seventeenth son, but the only f rom his tenth wife. This led to an upbringing that kept him unfamiliar with his father. Bin Laden attended the secular Al-Thager get secondary school from 1968 to 1976 where he was raised as a devout Sunni Muslim. The largest denomination of Islam, Sunni Muslims are also refered to as Ahlus Sunnah wal-Jamaah which basically marrow people of the example, or of Muhammad.As a result of King Faisal welcoming exiled teachers from Syria, Egypt and Jordan to Saudi Arabia in the 60s, it was not too uncommon for members of the Muslim sexual union to be found teaching at Saudi schools and universities. During this time, Osama is believed to have been influenced by many of the teachings promoted by these exiles. It is also thought that Osama might have studied political economy and business administration at King Abdulaziz University, and that he might have earned a degree in civil engineering in 1979. He is also said to never have graduated from college.Whatever his collegiate experience e ntails, it is now known that he spent the last 30 long time since his college days contributing to the growth of the Muslim Brotherhood known as al-Qaeda, which per put to worked its first military act in 1994. The Talibans first large military function took place in October 1994 when it seized the Pasha munitions depot and the town of Spin Boldak on the Pakistani border, held at the time by Hizb-i Islami commanders. The capture of the arms dump provided them with an terrible quantity of military materiel, including rockets, ammunition, artillery, and small arms. super C, 2002) These attacks were the beginning of Osamas reign.Later he would lead al-Qaeda to what they would deem to be the greatest statement of their western disapproval. Osama grew notorious through Al Jazeera, which gained its fame following the September 11th attacks, when the network broadcasted video statements by Osama bin Laden and other members of al-Qaeda. Al Jazeera, which in Arabic nub The Island is a t elevision network headquarters located in Doha, Qatar. The networks satellite capabilities enabled it to change the social landscape of the Middle East.Prior to its emergence, Middle Eastern citizens were only able to watch TV channels of stat-censored national stations. Al Jazeera introduced an unprecedented level of freedom of speech for most countries. On September 11th, 2001 Al Jazeera gained worldwide recognition with its broadcasts of al-Qaeda. Osama bin Laden gained an unprecedented level of global familiarity as well. The western fear of terrorism can entirely be credited as a product of his hate, which has complicated the western perception of rightful civil liberty.In her article Al Qaeda, Terrorism, and Military Comissions, Ruth Wedgwood proves that though most American citizens consider terrorism to be a federal and national problem, it is very much a local one. Al Qaedas published teaching maintains that there are no innocent civilians in Western society (Wedgwood, 20 02) She later goes on to analyze the psychological foundation they use to form their teaching and she says this tenet leads it to the gravest of international crime (Wedgwood, 2002).Despite the fear bin Laden has been able to instill in the American people, there are many rumors that his pecuniary backing is not as strong as it was in 2001. This could be the mark of his downfall, or just a shift in the types of terrorist acts al-Qaeda performs. The attacks on 9/11 and the ideology of the Taliban adhere to the power inherent in fear, and exploiting fear is not always a costly venture. The twin towers, the White sign and the Pentagon are all symbols of American security and their presence provides a certain level of comfort for our society.Though security officials are trained to counter attacks on our civilization, there was a false faith formed over time that attacks such as 9/11 were inconceivable, nor possible to carryout. Now our country has vainglorious impervious to this ty pe of thought. Western civilization has waged war on the Jihad securities are enhanced, and we are less likely to be vulnerable to the same form of attacks. Even still, western as well as eastern societies still have a major vulnerability that can exploited through the internet.In his working capital Post article Consultant Hacks FBIs Computer System Martin H. Bosworth reports on an outside consultant hired by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) who breached the theatricals computer network and gained access to over 38,000 employees passwords. The hacker, known as Joseph Colon claimed he used run-of-the-mill hacker techniques that can be easily found on the internet. He gained access to such information as the Witness Protection Program, but can this be defined as terrorism?The United States Department of State defines terrorism as premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or hugger-mugger agents (Gordon, 2003). This interpretation of terrorism becomes a very vague one when the internet is merged with this definition. The product of the two is cyberterrorism, but their have been a wide fly the coop of definitions posed since the terms advent in the 1980s by Barry Collins (Gordon, 2003).Dorothy Denning is a computer science professor at Georgetown University, and one of the countrys foremost respected cyber-security experts. Her views are referred to numerous times in more than a few articles reviewed in this paper. In Dennings Testimony before the supererogatory Oversight Panel on Terrorism, the most widely cited paper on Cyberterrorism, she defines the term as an act carried out on the internet with the intention to do major, or significant damage to society, the likes of which would impede the process of a communitys civil liberty (Denning, 2000).Dennings definition is very clarifying because it identifies the diversity between a cyberterrorist and a hacker. Where a cyberterrori st acts with the intent of severely impacting the economy or civil morale of the country, a hacker merely causes nonessential or at the most costly damage. For every publication produced that argues cyber-terrorism is a major threat, there is another arguing that it is a hoax. Many of these authors who hold this persuasion argue it is a form of presidential propaganda.In his article, Cyberterrorism There are many ways terrorists can kill youcomputers arent one of them, Joshua Green argues that the supply administrations infatuation with preaching the dangers of cyberterrorism is one that has become a pattern since September 11th. None are more exemplary of exploiting the publics misunderstanding of the term, along with their fears, than Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge, which Green proves with this quote by Ridge Terrorists can sit at one computer connected to one network and can create worldwide havoc, warned Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge in a representative musing la st April. They dont necessarily need a bomb or explosives to cripple a sector of the economy, or shut down a power grid. (Green, 2002) Green further points out that Ridges propaganda is not without merit considering that a survey of 725 cities conducted by the National League of Cities for the Anniversary of the 9/11 attacks showed that cyberterrorism be with biological and chemical weapons at the top of a list made by officials of the single most feared threats (2002).Despite this, it must be remembered that Greens article was published in The Washington Monthly a little more than a year after the 9/11 attacks. At this particular proposition point information was scarce and Bushs scare tactics were still at the height of their influence and yet, Green has enough sense to doubtfulness the motives behind those who use cyberterrorism as a way to instill fear in the fear in the American public.Green points out that the federal organization requested $4. 5 billion in cyber investigat ive security Bush appointed Richard Clarke to his created position of cybersecurity czar assigning him an office in the White House, and The Washington Post developed a habit of publishing first page headlines like Cyber-Attacks by Al Qaeda Feared, Terrorists at Threshold of Using net as Tool of Bloodshed, Experts Say (Green, 2002).Green recognizes that all of these actions would be reasonable responses to an actual looming threat, but they fail to muster any sort of rationale considering that, as he states, there is no such thing as cyberterrorismno instance of anyone ever having been killed by a terrorist (or anyone else) using a computer (2002). In sum, contempt the lack of proof of the potential threat which cyber terrorism poses. It is agreed by most political and military analysts that al-Qaedas next step is in the cyber arena.Never the less, this could also be deemed as a sign of bin Ladens downfall. There are many rumors that al-Qeada lacks the same sufficient keep they h ad in 2001, that Osama has grown broke, and that the Jihad get out eventually be a distant memory. If this is true, the internet would make for a more affordable method of terrorist attacks. These arguments will potentially prove foolish if bin Laden finds a way to continue his terror through the web. The potential for more tragedy is at the finger tips of al-Qeada literally and figuratively.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Expansion Politics Essay

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Expansion Politics EssayThis paper result examine North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Expansionlooking at the real benefit of NATO growing. Does it provide leverage that shapes the political and frugal development of europiuman countries where nation and free markets are non yet taken for granted or soothe growing? As discussed in our regional studies elective on Europe NS 2206, in order to win a NATO membership, the candidate countries must agreed to long agendas of reforms, ranging from ensuring free press and fair elections to protecting minorities and acting against drug trafficking and corruption. soon NATO is comprised of twenty-eight members, with additional candidates awaiting approval (i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro). NATO had twelve founding member nation they were the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, France, Iceland, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Norway. A lthough membership in to NATO is rather difficult to achieve, NATO has added new members through and through six expansions since its founding in 1949. Through come forth NATOs history it has established different programs with the intent to create greater regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors. These programs include the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative, and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. From these programs NATO has established relationships that clear led to new NATO members.With the collapse of communism and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, NATO has experienced something of an identity crisis. NATO was originally conceived as a troops alliance to deter Soviet expansion into Western Europe, the fall of the Berlin Wall and collapse of the Soviet Union forced NATO to reassess its once exit objective. A former Supreme Allied Commander Europe General Joseph Ralston once said that, For most of NATOs history the strategic probl em was easily delineate we could predict where we might fight and under what conditions.But today we nominate a much different problem. We do not know who the enemy might be, and we do not know where we will fight.iAs the political and soldiery circumstances changed in Europe, many member nations believed that NATO should adapt and reflect these changes.In 1995, the NATO Alliance promulgated the results of a Study on NATO Enlargement that considered the merits of admitting new members and how they should be brought in.iiIt concluded that the end of the Cold War provided a unique opportunity to build ameliorate guarantor in the entire Euro-Atlantic area and that NATO enlargement would top to intensify stability and security for all.iiiThe Study further concluded that enlargement would contribute to enhanced stability and security for all countries in the Euro-Atlantic area by encouraging and supporting democratic reforms, including the establishment of civilian and democratic control everyplace military forces fostering patterns and habits of cooperation, consultation, and consensus-building characteristic of relations among members of the Alliance and promoting good-neighborly relations.ivThe Study also concluded that enlargement would strengthen the Alliances ability to contribute to European and international security, strengthen, and broaden the transatlantic partnership.vIn 1997, the United States Clinton Administration led efforts to invite three former Eastern bloc communist countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland to join NATO. Since their invitation in 1997, there have been a number of further invitations for membership to newly democratized states seeking membership into one of the greatest military alliances in the world. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the desire to become a member of NATO spread rapidly both into the Baltic and seven East European countries and they lobbied for NATO membership. Seven of these countries join ed in the fifth part enlargement in 2004. Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009. This pushed NATOs boundaries further east than they had ever imagined.In November 2010, NATO members adopted a new strategic Concept at the Lisbon Summit. They reaffirmed the Alliances commitment to keep NATOs door open to any European country in a position to undertake the commitments and obligations of membership, and contribute to security in the Euro-Atlantic area.viThis NATO expansion is accomplished by each new potential member nation through a Membership Action project (MAP) mechanism. This is a procedure where the current members review new members formal applications. The mechanism was approved in the 1999 Washington summit. A nations participation in MAP entails the one-year presentation of reports concerning its progress on five different measures (1) willingness to settle international, ethnic or external territorial disputes by peaceful means, commitment to the rule of justice and human rights, and democratic control of armed forces (2) ability to contribute to the organizations defense and missions (3) devotion of sufficient resources to armed forces to be able to meet the commitments of membership (4) security of sensitive information, and safeguards ensuring it and (5) compatibility of domestic legislation with NATO cooperation.viiThe question of NATO enlargement has not been made without it debate by its member nations. They have debated the arguments for and against expansion. An expanded NATO, they argue, may provide the military security and political integration necessary to aid the development of these young democracies.viiiFurthermore, these experts contend that enlargement will help secure a more shelter and peaceful future for Europe, which is crucial for U.S. interests.ixCritics of expansion contend that enlarging NATO risks diluting both its military effectiveness and capabilities. They argue that the new alliance will lack the cohesion and distinctly defined purpose that made NATO in its previous incarnation the most successful military alliance of modern times.xOpponents of expansion also insist that the scotch price of enlargement far outweighs its benefits. Furthermore, these experts fear that an enlarged NATO threatens to divide the world into coalitions, not to mention the very real possibility of isolating Russia and fanning the flames of the hard-line forces that still threaten Russias democratic development.xiThe six large expansions have made NATO change policies and organizational structure in order to accommodate the newly added states. Some members nations as well as members of the United States Congress have asked what will further expansion cost who will pay for the be is it necessary how should enlargement be conducted what is an expanded NATOs purpose? Mr. Sarwar A. Kashmeri tries to answer these questions in his new book NATO 2.0 Reboot or Delete? He provides some insights stating, Am erica has underwritten the security of Europe for over sixty years. It is not a state of affairs that I believe the increasingly pressured American taxpayer will look upon favorably any more. Especially considering that the European Unions gross domestic product now exceeds Americas and the combined defense budget of the Member States of the European Union of around 200 billion (over $300 billion) is not appreciably smaller than Americas defense budget after removing the expenses of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and subtracting the expenses of Americas world-wide responsibilities, a global role that Europeans seem to have no desire to underwrite or assume.xiiThese costs are in effect a return on NATOs investment in these new member countries. The NATO alliances enlargement has promoted stability in Europe by providing a secure environment for new members for further consolidation of democracy and open markets. The progress made in a few years by the latest members to NATO such as A lbania and Croatia have been impressive and deserves reward. These countries spent more than eight years in rigorous preparation for NATO membership. Today, Croatia has the most impressive economic performance, and real estate prices, of any country in southern Europe.xiiiIn recent years, Albania has contributed more soldiers to missions in Iraq, Afghanistan and international peacekeeping than most NATO allies.xivThese new members have made the trans-Atlantic alliance stronger.Philip H. Gordon, Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy at Brooking Institute, said it best in his statement to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 11, 2008 when he stated, that NATO enlargement has contributed to security and prosperity in Europe. The incentive of NATO membership has led aspiring countries to reform their political systems, liberalize their economies, root out corruption, resolve territorial disputes with neighbors, rationalize their military establishments, and improve minority r ights. Once in the alliance new members have contributed troops for vital NATO missions in the Balkans and in Afghanistan and many sent forces to join the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq. In turn, NATO membership has reassured their populations of political and military solidarity with the United States and members of the European Union, enabling them to focus on improving the well-being of their citizens rather than worrying about the types of military threats they had lived with for centuries.xv

The basque conflict

The basque conflictTHE BASQUE CONFLICTProject FrameworkThe Basque conflict, rendered more not bad(p) by the system of a terrorist organisation in the second half of the 20th century, illustrates the contemporary hindrances of an invigorated Europe, concerned with theories of integration and br early(a)ly consensus. This project intends to interpret a descriptive and theoretical approach, rather than a quantitative analysis based on the materialisation of the conflict by the violent incursions of the nationalist separate Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA).On the unitary hand, the first part compargons and contrasts the sui generis Spanish state-building process to the thriving imagined community of Sabino Arana, raised through the nationalism of the 19th century, and articulated in relevant facts and figures. On the other hand, the second part brings the conflict to a modern state of affairs, i.e. a scenario of diverse onrushs to lessen violence and extremism. It considers micro and macro instruction spatial relations and reactions of exogenous actors to this aggiornamento, and despite the diverse interpretations of ethnicity, the paper considers the present context of globalisation, in which identities are no longer guaranteed through states and borders.IntroductionThe weaknesses in the process of Spanish state-building to which Basque nationalism is inextricably linked constitute an elementary foundation to understand the principles of ETA (1959), as a terrorist organisation, and the nature of the nationalist identities come to in the conflict. In pact with Linz Spain is a case of early state-building, where the political, social and cultural integration of its territorial components was not fully accomplished (1973 33), and as a result, its development differs from other European case studies in signifi piece of tailt ways, mainly due to its dramatic collapse as a colonial power (Mees 2003).Throughout time, Spain was downplayed from being the most pre ponderant European colonial power to a bankrupt, weakened state with internal problems of legitimacy, identity, penetration and participation (Mees 2003 6). Within this unstable context, the unification of the disparate territories in Spain resulted in a nation lacking the instruments of integration and cohesion. Therefore, Spanish nationalism in the 19th century remained weak and never became a movement (Seixas 1993).The Post-Colonial State-BuildingThis process involved no common external enemy or national symbols that would promote the idea of an imagined community (Anderson 1999) it was not the aggressive nature of Spanish nationalism that fuelled the posture of regional and local particularisms, but its weakness (Mees 2003 7). The Spanish were never fully submitted to the idea of nation, and remained loyal to their local regions, such as the Basque Provinces, comprising a particular and derived function civilisation, i.e. an ethnic community that would later become mobilised as a political nation (Smith 1986).In historical terms, the annexation of Navarre in the 16th century represents the establishment of modern Spain and the supremacy of Castile everywhere uninfringeable cultures. Moreover, the Crown recognised the importance of conceiving special rights to certain regions that became exempt from appointing soldiers to the central forces, and were granted a system of laws and practices called fueros that represented a major right of the Basque population, as they conferred (since its codification in the 17th century) conditions for decision-making in most political and economic affairs, with no intervention from the central disposal (Osma 1996 34). However, the phylogenesis of the Carlist ideology (in the 19th century), desecrated the unwavering relations with Castile (Flynn 2000 100), and following its victory in the third war (1872-1876), the Liberal Government declared the abolition of privileges to the Basque province, instigating a weapons-g rade resistance. Hence, the conflict in the Basque Country tummy be interpreted as a reaction to the abolition of rights and concessions granted throughout history, and according to the nationalists the incensed reaction to the withdrawing of the fueros represented a national awakening among the Basque people (Mees 2003).Early Basque nationalist feeling in the 19th century created an hostile political and social attitude towards the central government, with a developing anti-Spanish and separatist culture (Mees 2003 8). Furthermore, urban industrialisation and the influx of Spanish-speaking labourers were seen to pose a threat to Basque culture, which is extremely standpat(prenominal) and based around strictly Catholic values, encouraging a nationalist feeling (Woodworth 20013). As Basque industrialisation occurred primarily in Biscay, with production of steel, modern shipyards and exploit (Conversi 1997 48), these activities increased the demand for unskilled labour and society disintegration. As an illustration of this phenomenon, the population in Bilbao increased from 35,505 inhabitants in 1877 to 83,306 in 1900 (Atienza 1979 73) out of the 80% of immigrants, 50% were not Basques (Atienza 1979 74).The Establishment of an Imagined CommunityThe nationalist ideology expanded by Sabino Arana, founder of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV) in 1895 (Mees 2003 5), followed his perception of industrialisation and the consequent immigration to the region as a threat to Basque culture. Arana published his book For the Independence of Biscay (1892) and assisted the formation of the first Batzoki later the Bizkai Buru Batzar i.e. an ideological group that worked as a precursor of the PNV (Elorza 1978 113). However, aft(prenominal) the intervention of Spanish Authorities, Arana was arrested and the party rose as an organised structure, adhering to its manifesto (PNV Manifesto 1906 Volume II).Returned to Biscay, after a course of Law in Barcelona where he wa s impressed by the Catalan Language and the development of Catalonia after the Renaixena- Arana (a central player of nationalism in the 19th century) was motivated to study Euskerab and contribute to the Basque culture (Conversi 1997 74). He took the view that barely absolute independence from the Spanish state would secure permanent happiness and freedom for the Basque people as culture, history and ply needed to be reaffirmed in order to solve the rooted problems. As a consequence, anything Spanish (or non-Basque) would flummox to be expelled (Mees 2003 803), as following the nationalist feeling, the save way to succeed would be through the creation of a nationalist history with deep mythological implications, as well as nationalist symbols and nicety of the Basque language (Payne 1971 23).Therefore, in a primary attempt to materialise the nationalist ideology, Arana created symbols that included the name, Euskadi the anthem, Gora Ta Gora and the flag Ikurria, adopted by the PNV in 1933. Unlike Spanish unification, Arana succeeded in creating an imagined community, with history, traditions and culture unique to the Basque region (Anderson 1999).Violent Incursions and Peace AttemptsSince the early 1990s, the opposition at heart Basque society to the continuation of the conflict has been steadily increasing groups of citizens became effectively mobilised in an effort to spread their pacifist views throughout the Basque community and build a new anti-violence consensus (Funes 1998 493). Beyond Basque society, they aim at influencing political leaders, Spanish and Basque governments and at diminishing the power of ETA. As they believe that the people of the Basque Provinces has a responsibility for the existence and the continuity of violence, they intend to become a vehicle for peace. These pacifist groups defecate increased the conditions both socially and politically for resolution, though ETA retains the support of a qualitatively significant secto r of Basque society (Funes 1998).On a micro perspective of external intervention, Gesto por la Paz is composed of 160 subgroups throughout the Basque country and Navarre and organises street demonstrations that regularly attract 15-20,000 followers and Elkarri, with up to 107 subgroups, was founded by members of the nationalist left, close to ETA and aims to form those who would join the terrorist organisation or carry out violent attacks. The latter tries to expand dialogue on both sides through conferences, speeches and publications, as both groups scene at the Basque people for support in denouncing violence and reducing separatist radical movements (Funes 1998).While groups such as these have done much over the years to create conditions for peace, as long as there is a minority who sees violence as the only solution, grass-root level protests have only a limited impact. There is evidence that Basque society is less and less inclined towards supporting the violence of ETA, giv ing room for optimism, but peace will only come when the leadership of the group comes to see diplomacy as the way forward. There are three important moments in the history of ETA as a terrorist group, which halted its activities and brought together the two sides of the conflict. The first moment follows the most intense attack against civilians in 1987, when the political parties decided to enter into talks with one another, motivating ETA and the government to discuss the problems of the Basque Country, such as the Pact of Madrid (1987), the Pact of Ajuria Enea (1988), the Pact of Ardanza (1988), and the Pact of Navarra (1988). In addition, the Plan Ardanza (1998), created by the President of the Spanish Government, Jos Antonio Ardanza Garro, in an attempt to solve the situation in the Basque Country, led to a proposal by the PNV and ETA to pursue a general agreement, in which the parties were committed to bring together the sextet territories of the Basque Country whereas ETA w ould declare ceasefire.Secondly, and considering the incapacity of the Partido Popular (PP) and the Partido Socialista Obrero Espaol (PSOE) in resolving the Basque conflict, parties and ideological organisations signed a pact in Estella, Navarre (1998), according to which they would study the adoption of the equal political resolutions applied to the Northern Ireland case. The elections in the Autonomous Basque Community declared victory of the PNV, and there were many agreements between this party and the PP Government until the secret skirmish of 1999 between the two parties, which represented strong contact between ETA and the central government. However, for PP, this was a way to understand whether the terrorist group would be favourable to a decisive ceasefire. Therefore, the meeting proved unfruitful and the terrorist attacks restarted.ETA declared the end of ceasefire in 1999 and following this, the PNV accused the terrorist organisation of constituting a bad influence on Basque nationalism. On the other hand, ETA published the negotiations with the PNV and confessed the false ceasefire of 1998. The Euskal Herritarrok was favoured by the PNV but decided to abandon the Basque Parliament, leaving the latter in a political minority.Finally, the third important halt in violence was the announcement of a permanent ceasefire from the 24th flawch 2006 onwards, in order to carry on the negotiations with the central government of Jos Luis Zapatero (PSOE), who informed the media on the twenty-ninth June 2006 that the conditions for an institutional dialogue had been met.Reactions of Exogenous ActorsIn terms of international cooperation by external actors, the reaction of France to this conflict has been elementary, as although in the past, the Basque leadership has chosen to run low from that country due to fewer police pressure- since the 1990s, it has made an effort to apprehend the ETA leadership (Telegraph 2nd March 2002). Nearly all high-ranking member s of the organisation have been seized in France, including the suspected leader, Jurden Martitegi, arrested in April of this year.However, the significance of the Catholic faith in Basque nationalist expression led to another fundamental reaction, as it preceded the intervention of pope John XXIII, in the Encyclical Letter Pacem in Terris (1963). In accordance with this document, minority groups became widespread throughout the world but due to some self-colored reasons in the international state of affairs, minority peoples are often obliged to live in spite of appearance the territories of a nation of a variant ethnic farm animal (pope John XXIII 1963 94). Consequently This situation gives rise to serious problems and indeed, the best interests of justice are served by those public authorities who do all they can to improve the human conditions of the members of these minority groups, especially in what concerns their language, culture, ancient traditions, and their economic activity and enterprise (Pope John XXIII 1963 96).This participation complemented by the address of Pope John Paul II to the United Nations (1995), where it is stated that the phenomenon of ethnicity must not be underestimated or regarded as a simple left-over of the past but conversely demands serious interpretation, and a closer examination on the levels of anthropology, ethics and law (John Paul II 1995 7) appeals to the smell of respect of established nations and constitutes an illustration of international interventions that hold dear the interests of ethnic minorities. Although many authors share these same perspectives, papal interventions were particularly relevant in the spectral status quo of that region.Moreover, as far as EU resolutions are concerned, and regarding the terrorist attack of 11th March 2004, the European Council carried out a Declaration on Combating Terrorism (2004) referring to the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations (Security Council 1 373 of 2001), which states that granting support to the victims is paramount in the fight against terrorism. In this framework, the EU revised its strategic principles, which included strengthening a response against terrorism and its consequences restraining the access of terrorists to economic resources and maximising the capacity within the EU bodies to investigate and prosecute terrorists. Furthermore, all Member States would be obliged to act in solidarity in the case of a terrorist attack, mobilising all their resources.This measure complements the joust of Terrorist Organisations that includes ideological groups of ETA created by the European Council in 2003. Similarly, the United States of America, following a recommendation to improve international collaboration by the President of the Spanish Government, Jos Mara Aznar, included this organisation in their list of terrorist threats.ConclusionAs an example of an ethnic conflict, the preservation of nationalism and racial identity in the Basque Country has been guaranteed through violence in the name of its tradition, history and national symbols by those who perceive ancient heritage as an entitlement to self-determination, and regard their ethnicity as racially different from the rest of Spain. Violent incursions were justified on these grounds.In accordance with previous considerations, Sabino Arana realised that in order to save Basque cultural identity (including moral and religious values), nationalism would require an exclusivist identity. Therefore, one of the core principles of Basque nationalism became unity of race, maintained through eliminating Spanish influence and migration (Payne 197136-37). In the Catalan and Galician Nationalist movements, membership can be gained through learning the language and assimilating culture. However, those wishing to join the PNV had to prove that their first four surnames (later only one) were etymologically Basque. Therefore, in practice, Basque natio nal identity cannot be acquired through learning of the language or practicing of Basque traditions. There is no possibility of non-natives joining and as such, it is a very exclusivist movement (Mees 2003 12). The Basque nationalists encouraged a sense of a unique Basque racial purity, different from the one of the maketos (Conversi 1997 60), there is condemnation of marriage between Basques and non-Basques due to the proliferation of Spanish values rather than Basque values (Flynn 2000 154) and the dogma that compared to the Basques, the Spanish did not even constitute a race of their own, being a mix of many peoples (Flynn 2000 154). There is not only a strong racial element, but also a strong religious one, with Basque nationalists believing that there should be absolute subordination of the political sphere to the religious one and of the state to the church (Payne 1971 38). This racial stance has implications for immigrants wishing to come and work in the Basque region. Radic alisation has happened at times of mass immigration by non-Basques into the area, creating an anti-migrant culture within the community and a hatred for anything non-Basque. Race and religion are the core values of Basque Nationalism, not culture, giving it an extremely exclusive identity.

Case Study On Improvement Of Low Voltage Power Engineering Essay

Case Study On Improvement Of Low Voltage causality Engineering EssayThis case study allow fors investigations on low voltage position scattering dodging in terms of galvanic constitution design at INTEC Section 17 Shah Alam. It was conducted to ensure that the system utilize is viable where it could lead to reliable and economical diffusion of strength. Therefore, this project was foc utilize on 415V bird self-feeder tugboat where suggestion suffer be offered to amend the respected system design.Distribution system is a system built to go forth a means of economically and reliably distributing personnel from mavin, or occasionally more than one main location to a number of geographically dispersed load centres at bottom a defined site boundary 1. Low voltage power distribution system is the portion between primary feeder and utilization equipment. Therefore, the purpose of low voltage distribution is to distribute power to end user where at the same term providi ng safe conditions. Internatioanl Education College (INTEC) Section 17, Shah Alam is the place where this case study was carried. The low voltage distribution system applied at INTEC is conventional simple radial distribution system where the operation and expansion of the system are simple. However, problems occur as the power transformer (2000kVA 11kV/433V) is overheated and the parentages lengths insulant of unessential windings is melted due to overload. The system itself is quite old where feeder pillar used to allocate the power to specify load is quite congested where it bespeak some upgrade. Therefore, to tackle those problems regarding on low voltage distribution system, suggestions slew be offered to improve the system that meets the specifications of galvanical standard and at the same time satisfy the end users. Hopefully it can be additional information for the INTEC Facility Unit to subordinate the problems and upgrade the respected feeder pillar to provide saf e, economical and reliable power to the end users.OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this case study areTo obtain a relative information regarding on the low voltage power distribution system of INTEC.To observe the congested feeder pillar design and implementation at INTEC.To identify problems related to the congested feeder pillar.To propose for the gain of congested feeder pillar.METHODOLOGYThe case study of low voltage power distribution at INTEC was carried out based on the primer blood of information such as books, journals, articles and related electrical specifications by The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer (IEE), Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) and Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR). With cooperation of local Facility Unit of INTEC, observations of respected substation and feeder pillar have been done. Some photo and reading has been taken to visualize the respected problems regarding on the overheated transformer and congested feeder pillar. Therefor e, from those data, suggestions can be offered to overcome the problems and at the same time to improve the congested feeder pillar. Finally, for future study, opinions can raised for the further improvement of low voltage power distribution system.LOW VOLTAGE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMDistribution FeederFeeder is the distribution lines that carry power throughout the distribution system. Radial distribution feeders are characterized by having only single path for power to flow from the source (substation) to the consumer load. The distribution network is composed of the substations and the feeders that they supply.Feeders are composed of sections each function a purpose. The mainline is the backbone of the feeder and is typically a three-phase line generally designed for 400A nominal and 600A contingency loading. From this mainline, three-phase or single-phase laterals extend. Laterals are branches that are attached to the main line to serve loads, which can have laterals of thei r own. To protect mainlines from faults in the laterals, these are typically fused or switched by remote reclosers. common fig 1. electricity Supply Specification in MalaysiaThe most common configuration for feeders is a four-wire wye configuration one conductor for each of the three phases plus a unanimous multi-grounded neutral conductor. Nevertheless, less common configurations are three wire wye and delta configurations. Four-wire wye configurations are extensively used for their safety and easy fault protection 4-7. This circuit sign permits the use of under-rated voltage equipment by using phase-to-ground voltages, and fuse protection for ground faults.Feeder pillarFeeder lynchpin is the electrical compartment that consists of equipment that distributes power to the respected loads. It controls the replacement of load where at the same time provides protection to the distribution line. Conventional feeder pillar consists of busbar, circuit breaker, grounding protection and metering equipment.The loads can be calculated by (1) for single phase and (2) for three phase system where it is proportional to voltage (V), authorized (I) and angle between voltage and current ()P=VI cos . (1)P=3 VI cos . (2)By applying diversity factor, the load consumption should be less than the calculated rank from (1) or (2) where the same load go out not be used all the time. Diversity is the engineering principle that in any given installation, some of the attached loads will not be running at the same time instant as other loads 8. Therefore the maximum fill of loads can be obtained to ensure that the cable and protection used is viable throughout the system.The voltage drop of cable is affected by cable length (L), tabulated voltage drop (mV/A/m) and the design current (Ib) as shown in (3).v.d. (V) = (mV/A/m) L Ib/1000. (3)ProtectionMoulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is used to interrupt the current path during fault occurrence. It is applicable for TPN (Thr ee Phase and Neutral) cables while Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) has glare rating compared to MCCB and it is only applied for SPN (Single Phase and Neutral) line.Earthing of the feeder pillar will provide protection from leakage current to ensure the safety to human from the danger of electric shocks during examination or criminal maintenance.LOW VOLTAGE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN INTECINTEC HT Distribution SystemThe incoming supply for INTEC from TNB is 11kV. Then it is step down to 415V by 2000KVA distribution transformer. The overall HT simplified schematic draw of INTEC can be observed as belowFigure 2. Simplified schematic diagram for HT electrical system in INTECLow Voltage Distribution SystemNext, the focus will be at Pencawang Elektrik No.1 where observation is done at Feeder Pillar No.1. The schematic diagram of LV side from Pencawang Elektrik No.1 can be seen from Fig. 3. INTEC used radial distribution feeder since it requisite lower cost, easier fault current prot ection, lower fault current and easier voltage control.Figure 3. mutual savings bank schematic diagram of LV at Pencawang Elektrik No. 1Feeder PillarFeeder Pillar No.1 is located between Block B (Cafeteria) and Block A (Computer Lab). This feeder pillar was affiliated from MSB. The maximum current rating for the MCCB of incoming is 600A.CUsersuserDesktopINTECN8 Afdhalfeeder pillar 2.jpgFigure 4. Feeder Pillar No. 1This respected feeder pillar distributes power to Bengkel Seni, Futsal Court, Cafeteria and Compound Feeder Pillar (Fig. 5).Figure 5. Schematic diagram for Feeder Pillar No.1By applying the diversity factor, the value of protection and cable sizing shall fit the estimated load. TABLE.I shows the maximum load that the system can withstand at a time. The power at maximum demand is calculated using (2). The power factor is maintained at 0.85.TABLE I. LOAD AT supreme DEMANDLoadPower (kW)MCCB Rating (A)Bengkel Seni61.098100Futsal Court38.49263Cafeteria61.098100Compound Feeder Pillar48.87880(Estimated value of load at maximum demand in Feeder Pillar No. 1)From the existing load as tabulated above, the calculated nominal current is 341.363A using (2). Therefore the rated current of MCCB for the incoming is viable where the rated current of MCCB is 600A.The cables are connected to the busbar. Types of cables used is 4 core, 0.6/1kV, Copper Cable with creation termination. The cables are terminated to the busbar as pictured in Fig.6.CUsersuserDesktopINTECN8 Afdhalconnection 2.jpgFigure 6. Cables connection to the busbar.From the above figure, it can be observed that the cables connection quite messy where it is hard to indicate which cable is connected to their respected load. It is not labelled to identify the cable. If fault occurrence, it will took a time for the technician to accomplish maintenance due to the congested condition of the cable.The cable surface for each line can be seen from TABLE II.TABLE II . CABLE SIZINGTypeMCCB (A)Cable Size (mm2)2 x 4C XLPE6001851 x 4C XLPE100501 x 4C XLPE100501 x 4C XLPE80351 x 4C XLPE6325EarthingEarthing is purposely used to protect human from electric shock due to current leakage. Therefore this feeder pillar has the same earthing mechanism for safety reason.CUsersuserDesktopINTEC1-3-2011 Firdaus N701032011023.jpgFigure 7. Earthing of Feeder Pillar No.1From the fig. 7, all cables are terminated at the same point where it can provide easy path with a low resistance to earth and protect consumer from electric shock. However, those earth cables is not insulated which could lead to current leakage throughout the feeder pillar compartment in case the cable touch the wall of feeder pillar where it is made of steel (good conductor). Therefore, if such case happened it will cause electric shock to human who touch the feeder pillar.PROPOSED SYSTEMRadial Distribution System ImprovementBy referring back to the type of distribution feeder system approached at INTEC, radial type of distribution feeder is applied. Even though radial circuits are simpler to operate and maintain, in order to increase the reliability and power quality of distribution feeders, networked configurations must be used 458. However the installation cost of network system will be major obstacle where it required total modification of system. Therefore, primary loop radial distribution system can be applied to make the system more reliable.Figure 8. radical loop distribution systemFigure 9. Proposed MCBFig. 8 and 9 illustrate on how the system will look a comparable when improvement can be applied. The primary loop consists of two feeders which serve one or several loads. If one feeder fails, the normally open switch can be automatically (or manually) closed to feed the loads from the backup feeder, once the bad section has been sectionalized. This approach is very useful especially for underground cable system since the maintenance of underground cables is complex process that would create long interrupt ions if failure occurs.Feeder Pillar Proposed DesignFrom the Feeder Pillar No.1, suggestion can be offered to improve the system is upgrading the feeder pillar to MSB. By referring back to fig. 5, there were two loads that have circuit breaker rating of 100A TPN MCCB while in the MSB as in fig. 3 there were spare load that can be used. Therefore those two loads from Cafeteria and Bengkel Seni can be right off connected to MSB. By this action, the congested condition of feeder pillar can be solved.Figure 10. Upgrade of feeder pillar to MSBSome benefits can be obtained if the load of Bengkel Seni and Cafeteria is transferred to MSBIf fault occur at Feeder Pillar No. 1, those loads will not being interrupted. Therefore it promises the perseveration of power supply to the load.The voltage drop of each cable is shown in TABLE III.TABLE III. CABLE VOLTAGE DROPSize (mm2)mV/A/mLength (m)IbVoltage beading (V)1850.22100278.2416.12500.861081.840.708081.845.63351.151065.470.753251.6015049.10 11.784(Voltage drop of respected cable in the Feeder Pillar No.1)From TABLE III, it shows that the incoming cables itself occupy high voltage drop which is 6.12V for each cable. Then, if load of Bengkel Seni and Cafeteria is upgraded to MSB, the voltage drop can be observed from TABLE IV.TABLE IV. LOAD VOLTAGE DROPLoadCalculated Voltage Drop (V)Future Length (m)Future Voltage Drop (V)Percentage (%)Bengkel Seni11.7518012.673.05Cafeteria6.821107.7421.87(Future voltage drop if load of Bengkel Seni and Cafeteria is upgraded into MSB)Although the voltage drop risen up since the length of occupied cable is increased, the voltage can be reduce by replacing higher cross sectional area of the cable. However, the value of voltage drop is still within the specified value of allowed voltage drop 8.By connecting those loads to MSB, the existed feeder pillar will not be congested anymore. Those two loads that were directly connected to MSB will became spare and it can be used for future expansion of nearest building located near to the respected feeder pillar (refer fig. 11).Figure 11. Empty slot of loads acted as spareTherefore the future load will be based on TABLE V.LoadPower (kW)MCCB Rating (A)Futsal Court38.49263Compound Feeder Pillar48.87880SpareSpareThe total load at Feeder Pillar No.1 will be about only 70kW where the nominal current value from the incoming will be only 114.57V that could lead to only 2.52V of voltage drop.EarthingFor earthing cable, it is wise to insulate those cables with PVC insulator to avoid any electric shock due to current leakage. It must meet the electrical standard where earth cable must be insulated with green or green/yellow insulation based on fig. 12 6.http//www.china-wire-cable.com/photo/6654ca80a2286ebde6efb52e3ffbab88/Earth-Cable.jpgFigure 12. Proper insulation of earth cableComments and SuggestionThe project will become a wise step to ensure that the respected Feeder Pillar No. 1 will become a reliable where it can provide a contin uity of supply to a certain loads. However this project could not be implemented immediately since it will took period of time where maintenance underground cables is a complex task where it require skills and occupy more human power. In addition, the substation (PE No.1) need to be shutdown to perform the upgrade process where ironically the substation itself must distribute power to important places such as administration military position where it operates 24 hours a day and 7 days per week.Therefore it is recommended that this project must be implemented during the holiday where the total shutdown of PE No.1 can be done and the task of upgrade of the system can be performed by the respected party.CONCLUSIONFrom the case study that was carried out, it is necessary for Facility Unit of INTEC to cipher those suggestions in order to overcome any problems related to low voltage power distribution system.FUTURE STUDYSurge protection was integrated within the low voltage distribution system to protect the system from lightning strikes. For future study, the recommendation that can be offered to further the respected case study is to perform research on surge protection system in low voltage power distribution system in INTEC.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe author would like to express appreciation to his supervisor Ir. Harizan Che Mat Haris due to wise guidance and advices. For INTEC Facility Unit, the author felt pleasured to carry out this case study where he can affix his knowledge and gather more experience. Finally the author wants to offer his gratitude to people who was contributed toward the completion of this case study.

T. S. Eliots Critique of Henry James Washington Square :: Henry James Washington Square

T. S. Eliots Critique of Henry James Washington SquareIn the article A Prediction, by T. S. Eliot, Henry James is both criticized and praised as a writer His technique has received the kind of praise usually accorded to some useless, ugly and ingenious bite of carving which has taken a very long time to make and he is widely reproached for not succeeding in doing the things that he did not tone-beginning to do (55). Eliot seems to feel that James has not been properly criticized, and in fact that some criticisms are contradictory and inconsistent. Perhaps critics of James have expressed themselves in these manners because Jamess writing is hard to identify with because it is not trustworthy. In Washington Square, there are several components that cause the novel to come across as unrealistic. The most prominent appears to be the characters and how they are presented and interact with each other throughout the novel. The personality of each character is very hard to pinpoint. As I read through the novel, I could not figure out exactly what Doctor Slopers motives were. Did he really dislike Morris Townsend or was he just essay to keep his daughter from marrying anyone at all? The Doctors reasons seem sufficient enough, If Morris Townsend has spent his own fortune in amusing himself, there is every reason to count that he would spend yours (71). However, the Doctors motives also seem curious. He waited to tell Catherine that he disliked Morris until after he had asked her to marry him, when all along the Doctor disliked Morris. In fact, it was hard to ignore the doctors snide comments about Morris that appeared consistently throughout the book. For example, at the traditional Sunday evening at Mrs. Almonds, the Doctor comments, He is amazingly swollen-headed (57). The Doctor comments without having really talked with Morris. He has made up his mind about Morris before he really even meets himRegardless of Jamess failure to present real characters who have b elievable social settings, work for a living, and express emotions and opinions about the trials and tribulations that they encounter, Eliot argues that, had James been a better hand at character, he would have mixed-up the sensibility to the peculiar class of data which were his province (55).

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

Lesson on SchizophreniaAs an overview, schizophrenic disorder is a disease to the brain. It is single of the most disabling and emotionally devastating illnesses known to man. It has been misunderstood for a long time. It has a biological basis, so it is like other diseases. It is a very common disease one percent to one and a half percent of the U.S. has been diagnosed within some point in their life. There is no cure for this disease, although there is treatable medicine. Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality disorder. People who take medicine for it are able to lead normal fulfilling lives. There are two ways that schizophrenia begins. One way is called Acute Onset. This happens very fast, about a couple of weeks. It is easier to recover from this. You are able to get help faster because people pock it sooner. The other way is called Process Onset. This takes a longer period of time to show. It is gradual, sometimes up to years. You may say or do strange things all now and then. It could be a long time before you go to the doctor. There are three main types of delusions a person can have. legerdemain of Persecution is when the person thinks that people are out to get him or her. For example the government. Grandeur is when the person thinks he or she is very important, rich, famous, ect. Reference is when the person thinks that the TV is talking directly to him or her. They also think some outside source is talking to them.Schizophrenia has three main subtypes. Paranoid schizophrenia is when the person believes someone is out to get them. Disorganized schizophrenia is people who do silly strange behaviors, inappropriate emotions, and have messed up speech patterns. They do a thing called a word salad, when they talk with bunches of words randomly thrown together. Catatonic schizophrenia is when the person gets in a position and stays in that exact position for a long time (like hours). This is very and the medication for it is good.No one knows f or sure what causes schizophrenia. The biological explanations are linked to genetic predisposition.